Air France suspends service to Dubai as KLM halts West Asia flights

Air France stopped flying between Paris and Dubai for a while. KLM, which is the airline in the Netherlands and is part of Air France and KLM said they would not fly to some places in the Middle East and Gulf region. They did this because they were worried about what might happen. There was an increase in tension in the area mostly because of problems between the United States and Iran. Air France and KLM are not the airlines to do this many other airlines, around the world are changing their flight plans too. Air France and KLM are being careful.

1) So I want to know what exactly happened and when the thing took place I mean the details of what happened and the time it happened the whole story of what happened and when it all went down.

Air France announced that they are stopping their flights from Paris to Dubai for a while. This happened on 23 January 2026. The reason for this is because of what’s going on in the Middle East right now. Air France said they are keeping an eye on things to make sure everyone is safe.

On people found out that Air France started flying from Paris to Dubai again after a short break. This is because Air France looked at the situation again and decided it was okay to keep flying the Air France route, from Paris to Dubai.

KLM announced that they are stopping flights that go into the airspace of Iran, Iraq, Israel and some Gulf countries. This means they will not be flying to or over places like Dubai, Riyadh, Dammam and Tel Aviv for now. They are doing this until they say it is okay to start. KLM says this is because they want to be careful with all the problems going on in the world now. KLM thinks it is better to be safe, than sorry so they are taking this precaution.

Timing and trigger: These changes happened after some big announcements and military movements that made people think a bigger fight might happen in the Gulf. This was because the United States said they were sending naval ships and warned that things could get worse with Iran. A lot of airlines made changes within a hours or days because the government and industry were giving out new advice all the time. The airlines were reacting to what the government and industry were saying about the Gulf and Iran.

2) Why do airlines make these decisions. It is about the safety of the airline. The airline has to think carefully about the safety of the airline. This is what they call the safety calculus of the airline. The safety calculus of the airline is very important to the airline. The airline uses the safety calculus of the airline to make decisions, about the safety of the airline.

Airlines make the decision to cancel flights. They suspend them or even reroute or avoid certain airspace. They do this for a main reasons. The airlines consider safety. They also think about what the rules say they have to do. Then there are reasons and insurance reasons too. The main things that airlines think about are:

Crew and passenger safety is a deal. If there is a reason to think that missiles or surface to air fire could be a problem airlines will stay away from that area. This is because civilian aircraft can be easily hit, even if it is an accident. We have seen this happen before like when MH17 was shot down over Ukraine in 2014. Airlines also avoided flying over Baghdad and Iraq at times in the 2000s and 2010s because it was not safe. Crew and passenger safety is the reason, for this. Airlines do not want to take any chances when it comes to crew and passenger safety.

Airspace status and NOTAMs are really important for airlines. You see civil aviation authorities and military authorities put out these things called Notice to Airmen or NOTAMs for short and they also have rules about flying over areas. When these authorities tell airlines to avoid areas like Flight Information Regions the airlines have to listen. They also have to get permission to fly over some places. If that permission is taken away they cannot fly there. Even if the authorities are just advising airlines to be careful the airlines will still treat it like a rule to keep everyone safe. They do this because the safety of the people on the airplanes is the priority, for the airlines.

Insurance and liability is a thing. If an aircraft goes into a war zone on purpose the insurance company will not pay for any damages. This is because war-risk cover and third-party insurance premiums can be canceled.

The insurance company will also not pay if the airline did not listen to warnings.

So it is better for airlines to be careful when it comes to insurance and liability. Commercial risk management is about being safe and avoiding problems so airlines should try to avoid doing things that could get them into trouble, with the insurance company. Insurance and liability is very important for airlines to consider.

When we talk about risk and planning for bad things that might happen we have to think about the fact that even if something bad is not very likely to happen it can still be really terrible if it does. I mean we are talking about things like people getting hurt planes being damaged and the companys reputation being ruined. We could also get in trouble with the law. Lose a lot of money.

So when we plan flights we try to avoid flying over areas that might be dangerous. This means our flights might take a little longer and use fuel but it is worth it to avoid something really bad happening. Operational risk is a deal and we have to take it seriously. Planning for things is important because it helps us avoid things like losing a plane or hurting people, which would be a disaster, for the company and everyone involved in operational risk management.

The government is always. They can tell airlines what to do. For example the aviation people in the country where the airline is from can say that they should not fly through areas. Sometimes the government will even ask airlines to get people out of a place or to stop flying for a little while when things are really bad. This can happen when there are problems in a country. The government has a lot of power, over airlines. They use it to keep people safe.

So basically these are choices. The bad things that can happen if we stay are worse than the money we have to pay to stop or change the path of the flights. We make these decisions because the bad consequences of staying are problems, than the extra cost of suspending flights or rerouting flights.

3) What happened in the term that made Air France and KLM take actions? Air France and KLM did something. I want to know what changed that made them do it. Was it something, with Air France and KLM that made them make this decision?

People are talking about the news and what airlines are saying. It seems that 23 January 2026 a lot of people started to think that some areas were not safe anymore. This happened fast. The news coverage and airline statements are showing that peoples thoughts, about risk changed a lot around 23 January 2026.

The United States is sending a fleet to the Gulf and this is a big deal. People are talking about it. Some are even calling it an armada. The United States says it is watching Iran closely. This is making people worry that things might get out of hand and there could be fighting. Because of this airlines are thinking about flying over Iran, Iraq and the areas around them. They want to make sure it is safe for their planes to fly over these places. The United States naval deployment is causing a lot of concern and airlines do not want to take any risks with the safety of their flights, over Iraqi airspace.

KLM is being very careful about the situation with Iran and Iraq. They do not want to fly through the airspaces of Iran, Iraq and some other places in the Gulf. So they are stopping flights to Dubai, Riyadh, Dammam and Tel Aviv for now. KLM says this is a temporary thing to be, on the safe side.

Air France said something about the situation in the Middle East. They stopped flying to Dubai for a little while. They started flying to Dubai after they looked at everything. The European airlines all decided to be more careful and change their routes after the people, in charge of the European Union and the countries told them what to do. Air France and the other European airlines did this because of what the European Union and national regulators said.

4) What happens when flights are changed. How the airline actually does it when they make changes to flights. The airline has to think about how changing flights will affect the people who work for the airline and the people who are flying on the flights. They have to make sure that changing flights does not cause any problems for the airline or the people who are flying. This is what the airline does when they make changes to flights, in life.

When a carrier stops flying or stays away from an airspace the carrier takes a few steps. The carrier does this to keep things running smoothly. These steps are things the carrier must do when the carrier stops flying or stays away, from an airspace.

When it comes to flights airlines have to make some decisions. They have to choose between cancelling flights and rerouting them. Airlines may cancel flights that’re hub-dependent or where it is really hard to find another route. On the hand they may reroute flights to avoid flying over risky areas.

Rerouting flights is not that simple. It adds a lot of time to the flight and the plane uses more fuel. In some cases the plane may even need to make a stop. This means the plane has to stop at another airport to refuel because the new route is too long for the plane to handle. This is what happens when the new route goes beyond the range limitations of the aircraft so rerouting flights can be a deal, for airlines and flights.

When a long flight is cancelled it can cause a lot of problems. The return flight is. The crews schedule is messed up. This also affects the schedules of flights at big airports.

The big planes that fly distances have very tight schedules. If one flight is cancelled the plane will not be in the place for the next flight. This can cause more flights to be cancelled or changed. The airline has to swap planes to get everything back on track. Long-haul flights are really important. When one is cancelled it can cause a lot of trouble, for the airline and the people who work there.

The crew has to follow rules when they are on duty. These rules are about how hours they can work. There are also rules about how a plane with two engines can fly from a place where it can land in case of an emergency. These rules are called ETOPS rules. When we think about changing the route of a flight we have to consider these rules. If we want to fly around an area it might take the flight too far from the places where it can land in case of an emergency. This is a problem because the crew has to make sure they are not breaking any rules, about how they can fly from these safe places, which are also known as ETOPS alternates.

When it comes to passenger handling airlines have to do a things for the people who are affected. They have to rebook or refund or reroute the passengers. If the flight is suspended for a time the airline might book the passenger on a different airline that they work with. They might also give the passenger a hotel room and food if the flight is delayed until the day. The airline will take care of the passengers first like the ones who have a lot of flights to catch after that. The passenger handling will also consider the passengers who have flights to catch so the airlines will prioritize the passenger handling, for these passengers. Airlines will make sure that passenger handling is done properly for all the passengers.

Cargo and belly freight is a deal. Many flights that travel a way with passengers also carry a lot of cargo. When something goes wrong and flights are suspended it messes up the cargo schedules. This means that the people who ship things called shippers might have to wait a time for their stuff to get where it is going. They might also have to pay money. When there is not much room in the planes, for cargo it gets harder to find space for all the things that need to be shipped. This keeps happening until there are special planes, called freighters to carry all the cargo. Cargo and belly freight is really important. These problems affect the whole air cargo market. Cargo is a part of what these flights carry.

Airport and hub impacts are something to think about. Hubs that are connected to routes that are not running like Paris–CDG and Amsterdam–Schiphol will probably have fewer people coming and going. This means that the way people transfer between flights will also change. The people who work on the ground at these airports like the ones who handle the bags and planes will be affected. The way airports use their time slots will also be different. Airport and hub impacts are a deal because they can change how airports work. Airport and hub impacts can affect things, including how many people are, at the airport and how planes take off and land.

5) The financial and commercial impact (short and medium term)

Airlines have to deal with costs. These costs include refunds and the cost of rebooking flights for people. They also have to pay for ferrying aircraft to places and for empty-leg repositioning. This means they have to pay for flights that do not have any passengers. Airlines also have to pay their crew members overtime and for fuel when they have to take different routes.

If airlines have to stop flying for a time they will lose a lot of money from empty seats and cargo space that they cannot use. This can be a problem, especially for flights between the Gulf and other places. The Gulf is a place where people connect to fly from Europe to Asia. Airlines make a lot of money from these flights so losing this money can be very bad, for them.

Insurance and fuel are a deal. Rerouting flights uses fuel and that makes the trip more expensive. If the area is seen as a risk insurance costs could go up for the airlines. For Air France-KLM having to stop flying to places, in the Gulf region a lot would mean they get less money.. Air France-KLM usually finds a way to make up for this by working with other airlines and sharing flights.

The Gulf carriers, such as Emirates and Etihad may see some changes in the number of people flying with them. This is because other European and international airlines are avoiding the region. Sometimes the Gulf carriers, like Emirates and Etihad will get more people flying with them because they are already flying in that area.. The Gulf carriers, such, as Emirates and Etihad also have problems because some of their flights have to take longer routes or use different airports to avoid the conflict zones.

When we think about travel confidence and demand people might not want to travel now. This is because they are a little scared and that can mean bookings to countries that are having problems. Travel confidence and demand will be low, for business travel and tourism bookings when there is a lot of tension. This is what happens when travel confidence and demand are affected by what’s going on in the world.

6) Legal, regulatory and insurance mechanics (brief primer)

The Civil Aviation. The International Civil Aviation Organization issue advisories about NOTAMs and airspace permission. These Civil Aviation Authorities and the International Civil Aviation Organization are very important when it comes to NOTAMs and airspace permission. Airlines have to keep an eye on these NOTAMs and also get information from governments and their own security teams.

If a Civil Aviation Authority decides to close its Flight Information Region then civilian aircraft have to follow the rules and comply with the closure of the Flight Information Region, by the Civil Aviation Authority.

War risk insurance is something that standard hull and liability policies usually do not cover. So airlines have to buy a war risk insurance policy. Sometimes they get help from the government if something bad happens. The insurance company can decide not to pay if they find out the airline went into an area on purpose even when they were warned not to. This means the insurance company can stop covering the airline after something has already happened if they think the airline was reckless, with war risks. The main thing is that war risks are not usually covered by policies, which is why airlines need to get special war risk insurance.

Liability exposure is a concern for airlines. They do not just think about the safety of the crew and passengers. Airlines also worry about getting in trouble with the law. This means they can be sued by passengers or people who own the cargo they are carrying. They can also get in trouble with regulators. If an airline decides to fly into an area where there are warnings they might have to pay a lot of money in fines or lawsuits if something bad happens to the crew or passengers or the cargo. Airlines think about the risk of liability exposure when they make decisions, about where to fly.

7) Things that happened before. What this reminds me of, situations that are similar to this what this is like when we look at history historical events that are comparable, to this.

Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 was shot down over Ukraine in the year 2014. This bad thing that happened to Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 changed how airlines deal with areas where there is fighting. Now airlines are more careful. Try to stay away, from areas where wars are happening with Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 in mind.

Iran/Iraq and the Gulf had a lot of problems over the years. When missiles were fired or planes were shot down airlines had to change their routes over the Persian Gulf and Iraqi airspace times from 2008 to 2015.

Something bad happened in 2020. Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 was shot down by mistake near Tehran. This had an impact on how airlines thought about the risks of flying over Iranian airspace.

These events made airlines more careful. They decided to avoid flying over areas like airspace where there were a lot of military tensions. This was a change, in how the industry thought about safety. Iranian airspace was a place that airlines wanted to avoid because of the problems.

Israel and the airspace around it: When things get bad between Israel and Gaza or when there are problems in the region a lot of airlines stop flying to Israel for a while. Sometimes they change the route of their flights because of the danger, from missiles. This happens when Israel and Gaza are having a time or when the whole region is having problems.

These examples show that the industry focuses on staying safe and making decisions when national military actions make things more risky, for the industry. The industry does this to avoid problems. The industry makes fast decisions to stay safe when the industry sees that national military actions are making things more dangerous.

8) What passengers should expect and what to do if their flight is affected because the flight is the thing that the passengers are concerned about so if the passengers are affected by the flight then the passengers need to know what to do and the passengers should expect some things from the flight. The passengers should expect that the flight will try to help them and the passengers should do what the flight tells them to do because the flight knows what is best, for the passengers.

If you had a ticket, on a flight that Air France or KLM stopped because of their suspensions:

When you need to find out something you should always check the channels first. This means you should look at the email or message the airline sent you. You should also check the airlines website. If you booked your trip through a travel agent or a website you should check with them too. They are the people to ask.

You can also look at what people’re saying on social media but it can be hard to know what to believe. It is better to look at what the airline’s saying on their official pages. If you want to know about the side of things you should look at the official notices, which are called NOTAMs and the airlines website. The airlines website and these notices will have the accurate information, about the Airline.

When it comes to refunds or rebooking Airlines usually give you refunds. Let you rebook on the next available service. This can even be, with partner Airlines if that is possible. If your flight is. You have to spend some extra money make sure to keep all your receipts. You might be able to get your money depending on the rules of the airline and the local passenger rights. Airlines have their rules and so do local passenger rights so it is a good idea to keep track of your expenses. Refunds or rebooking with Airlines can be a bit of a hassle. Keeping your receipts can really help.

EU passenger rights are important to know. If you are flying with an EU carrier or from an EU airport the EU261/2004 rules are in place for delays. Cancellations that the airline causes. However these EU passenger rights do not always apply when something big happens that the airline cannot control. Usually a geopolitical crisis is considered something that’s outside of the airlines control, which is called an extraordinary circumstance. This can limit the amount of money you get from the airline. The airline still has to take care of you by giving you things like meals and a place to stay when it is necessary, for your EU passenger rights.

Travel insurance is something you should look at if you have it. You need to check what the policy says about things like unrest and war risk. A lot of travel insurance policies that people buy do not cover places that’re at war but they will help you if you need to cancel your trip because of warnings that were issued before you left. Travel insurance is really important to look at because it can help you with things, like unrest and war risk.

If you really need to travel think about using an airline or flying through countries that are not having any problems. Some airlines work together to help people get to where they need to go so they might be able to put you on a flight with another airline. Alternative routing is something to consider so look into that if you can. Airlines often have partnerships, with airlines so they can help you get to your destination.

9) The bigger picture of what’s going on in the world. Why airlines are reacting at this time to the geopolitical situation. Airlines are looking at the geopolitical context and that is why they are reacting now. The airlines are concerned, about the situation and that is why they are taking action at this time.

The airline responses away were not random. They show how quickly things are changing in the world of politics and countries:

When it comes to posturing people saying things, about naval task forces or a big military build-up is going to change the way we think about threats.

Military deployments mean there is a chance of mistakes happening or shots being fired and they also make it harder to manage the airspace.

The military deployments and the things people are saying about naval task forces are what make this situation more complicated.

The risk of things getting worse is a problem. Even if nobody takes a shot the chance of things escalating like when one side does something and the other side does something back is still a worry. This could mean things like missiles being launched or troops being moved. These are uncertainties that’re not okay when it comes to planning flights, for commercial airlines. The escalation risk is something that commercial flight planning just cannot accept.

The Gulf is a busy place, with a lot of military and commercial traffic. This means that one bad thing happening or something that people think is bad can cause a lot of airspace to be closed. This is because the paths that military and civilian planes fly overlap. The Gulf has a lot of complexity.

Airlines like to do things fast and be safe. They can always change their mind. Start services again when they know what is really going on and when they get official information that everything is okay. This is what happened with Air France. Air France started flying to Dubai after they looked at everything again. Air France did this when they felt it was safe to fly to Dubai. Airlines, like Air France do things this way because they want to be safe.

10) How regulators and industry coordinate during such crises

Airline safety desks and government people work together. Big airlines have offices that gather information from the government other airlines and their own experts. These offices talk to governments and aviation people to know how safe it is to fly. They want to understand the threats that’re out there so they can keep people safe. Airline safety desks do this every day to make sure flying is safe, for everyone.

The International Air Transport Association and the International Civil Aviation Organization have roles. The International Air Transport Association gives advice. Puts together the best ways that airlines do things. The International Civil Aviation Organization makes rules and can give advice on how safe flights are and what is going on with the airspace. The International Air Transport Association and the International Civil Aviation Organization work on these things to help the airlines. The International Air Transport Association helps the airlines by giving them ideas and the International Civil Aviation Organization helps by making sure everyone follows the same rules.

National aviation authorities like the European Union Aviation Safety Agency, which is also known as EASA and national aviation authorities such as the UK Civil Aviation Authority, the French Direction Generale de l’Aviation Civile, which is also called DGAC and the Netherlands Inspectie Leefomgeving, en Transport which is also referred to as ILT, issue guidance and sometimes rules that the airlines they oversee have to follow.

This plan tries to find a ground. It wants to avoid hurting the economy much. At the time it needs to protect peoples lives and follow international laws. The goal of this plan is to balance these things so we do not do much damage, to the economy and we still protect life and respect international legal obligations.

11) Potential medium-term scenarios and what to watch for

If governments make agreements or they stop saying bad things about each other airlines will go back to their normal routes really fast. They may even start flying routes that they stopped flying within a days. Airlines will resume their routings quickly if governments reach agreements or public rhetoric cools down. This means that suspended services of airlines may be reinstated within days and airlines will be back, to normal.

Sometimes airlines will. Then start their services again. This happens when there are not very serious problems with tensions. The airlines will go back to their service and then they will have to stop again because the problems, with tensions are still there and sometimes they get a little worse. This means that the airlines have to deal with suspensions of their services. The intermittent suspensions happen because the airlines are trying to manage the risks that come with the tensions.

When a place is seen as a problem for a time like when there are many strikes or missiles are being exchanged the airlines will change their plans, for the season. They will move their planes to areas and use them somewhere else. This means they will stop flying to the region that is having problems. The airlines will do this because the region becomes viewed as risky so they will restructure their seasonal schedules reallocate their aircraft and shift their capacity to other markets like other countries or cities and this will help them to stay safe and make money.

There is a shift in market share. Gulf-based carriers that can operate locally may get connecting traffic.. Gulf-based carriers are also in a tough spot. They have to deal with competition, from airlines and diplomatic pressures. These things will affect what happens in the market. Gulf-based carriers will have to navigate these challenges to come out on top. The market will be shaped by airline competition and diplomatic pressures that affect Gulf-based carriers.

Things to keep an eye on are NOTAMs, government travel advisories, military movements reported in credible outlets and statements from major carriers and regulators. When it comes to what happened in January 2026 we saw that Air France started flying to Dubai after a short break while KLM kept a lot of flights suspended until they knew more, about what was going on.

12) Wider economic & supply-chain effects

Cargo delays are a problem. The space for cargo on passenger planes is getting smaller. This means there is not room for all the cargo that needs to be shipped. As a result the cost of shipping cargo by air is going up. This is especially bad for things that need to be shipped like medicine and electronics. Cargo companies might try to fix this problem by using cargo planes or renting extra planes.. This will not happen right away. Cargo delays will still be a problem, for a while. The cargo companies will have to deal with Cargo delays and find a way to ship Cargo quickly.

Tourism and business travel: The Middle East, Dubai is a big place for business and fun trips. If there are problems that stop people from coming for a time it can hurt hotels, stores and local services like restaurants and shops because tourism and business travel are really important, to these places and tourism and business travel bring a lot of money to them.

Energy markets are really sensitive. When things get intense the oil and gas markets can get really upset about the idea that we might not have supply. When airlines decide to stop flying somewhere just in case that can be a sign that investors are getting worried.. Whether or not this actually affects energy prices depends on what is happening with the military and how safe the seas are, for shipping Energy markets. This is because Energy markets are closely tied to these factors.

13) Media reporting and different stories. This is why the news can be so different

The media is always reporting on things and sometimes the stories do not match up.

Media reporting is a part of our lives and we see it every day.

The news can be different because media reporting is done by people and they all have their own way of doing things.

Media reporting can make it hard to know what is true. What is not when the stories are so different.

When something big happens news agencies try to tell us what is going on fast. So the first things they say about the situation might not be the same. News agencies report quickly in crises. The initial accounts of the crises may differ.

Some people noticed that KLM was avoiding areas of the sky. Others talked about Air France stopping its flights, to Dubai for a while and then starting them again. Different people may have written down times for when this happened like when the flights were first stopped and when they started again. They may have also quoted people who work for the airlines like KLM and Air France.

When you check reports to make sure they are correct it is better to use the information from the airline itself or from the people who regulate the airlines. This information can be found in press releases, posts on Twitter or X or in bulletins from the regulators. You should also check this information with known news services like Reuters, AFP and Bloomberg.

For the story that happened on January 24 2026 Reuters and Bloomberg gave details about what KLM did to avoid problems and what the whole group did. On the hand Al Jazeera and smaller news outlets, in the region talked about what happened with Air France, including when they stopped and started flying again.

14) What this episode tells us about the way modern airlines manage risk these days.

This episode is really about how modern airlines deal with risks.

The thing is, modern airline risk management is a deal.

So what does this episode say about airlines and how they manage risk?

It shows us how modern airlines try to be prepared for things that might happen.

The episode talks about the ways that modern airlines work to manage risk and stay safe.

Modern airline risk management is something that’s very important, to these companies.

This episode helps us understand how modern airlines think about risk and what they do to manage it.

Speed is really important to airlines. They used to take days to do things. Now they can do them in just a few hours. This is because they have desks that deal with security issues and they get information in real time. They also work closely with the government, which helps them make decisions about what to do. Airlines can now decide fast if they should do something or not. This is a change from how things used to be and it is all, about speed. Airlines like to be able to make decisions like deciding if they should go ahead with something or not and they can do this because of the way they work now.

Conservatism is the standard now. After what happened with MH17 and UIA-752 the airline industry says it is better to avoid any area where there is a chance of a military threat. This approach of putting safety helps to reduce the risk of something really bad happening. Conservatism is about reducing exposure, to really big disasters.

Network resilience is very important for Airlines. They always prepare for the case. This means they think of routes they can take if there is a problem. They also keep some planes ready to use. Airlines work with Airlines too so they can help each other out. The reason they do all this is because things can change quickly in international politics and this can stop air traffic suddenly. Airlines need to be ready, for this so they can still fly people where they need to go. Network resilience is key for Airlines to keep flying.

Tradeoffs: When we make decisions about safety it can be very expensive for businesses. It is necessary for our reputation and because it is the right thing to do. People who buy things from companies are starting to think that it is better to cancel plans for a while if it means they will be safer especially when there are a lot of problems in the world with different countries. Safety decisions like these are very important, for companies because they want to do what is right and keep people safe.

15) Final takeaways (concise)

Air France stopped flying to Dubai for a while and KLM stopped flying to some places for a bit in late January 2026. They did this because they were being careful. There was an increase in tension around Iran and the Gulf area. This happened because of movements and things that people were saying publicly. Air France and KLM were worried so they made these changes. The tension, around Iran and the Gulf area was getting worse.

These actions are done because of safety and insurance concerns. The companies also have to follow rules. They have to think about the money and how these actions will affect their work.. They think it is better to do these things than to fly into an area where there is a big fight or a lot of danger. Operating in areas, with high-risk conflict airspace is just not a good idea so they take these actions to avoid that.

Passengers affected should follow airline communications for rebooking/refund guidance and consult travel insurance and local passenger-rights rules; airlines and regulators will continue to adjust as official advisories and on-the-ground intelligence evolve.